![]() These devices can be accessed through a provided graphical user interface. All aspects of data logging and trial structure are controlled by paired microcontrollers (Arduino) and a single-board computer (SBC Raspberry Pi). The design incorporates the capacity to track animal behavior with a camera as well as a rotary encoder to track mouse locomotion on a wheel. The stimulus and platform attributes are schematized in Figure 1. In this work, a method was developed for flexibly applying DEC or DTSC in a single platform. DTSC has now been used to uncover how associative learning alters cerebellar activity and patterns of gene expression 20. In the DTSC paradigm, both the UR and CR are read out as backward locomotion on a wheel. Conceptually similar to DEC, DTSC involves the presentation of a neutral CS with a US, a tap to the face sufficient in intensity to engage a startle reflex 21, 22 as the UR. In addition to eyeblink, the delayed startle tactile conditioning (DTSC) paradigm was recently developed as a novel associative learning task for head-fixed mice 20. This approach has also been used to demonstrate how the cellular-level physiological representation of task parameters evolves with learning 13, 15, 16. DEC in head-fixed mice has been used to identify cerebellar regions 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and circuit elements 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19 that are required for task acquisition and extinction. DEC was the first associative learning paradigm to be adapted to this configuration 10, 11. More recently, climbing fiber-dependent associative learning paradigms have been developed for head-fixed mice. Further, Purkinje cell complex spikes, driven by their climbing fiber inputs 5, provide a necessary 6, 7 and sufficient 8, 9 signal for the acquisition of properly-timed CRs. In rabbits, cerebellum-specific lesions disrupt this form of learning 1, 2, 3, 4. The learned response is referred to as a conditioned response (CR), while the reflex response is referred to as the unconditioned response (UR). For example, in classical delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC), animals learn to make a well-timed protective blink in response to a neutral conditional stimulus (CS e.g., a flash of light or auditory tone) when it is paired repeatedly with an unconditional stimulus (US e.g., a puff of air applied to the cornea) which always elicits a reflex blink, and which comes at or near the end of the CS. Pavlovian conditioning of sub-second association between stimuli to elicit a conditioned response has long been used to probe cerebellar-dependent learning. ![]()
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